Shock absorber



- Feb.19,-1924-? w I I w.c.sco T SHOCK ABSORBER 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Jan..'.17, 1918 Inventor:

Wad/ M Sam Feb. '19, 1924; v

. w. c. SCOTT SHOCK ABSORBER Filed Jan. 17 1918 lnven'to r: 1A.! awn. Q Sc o-CC by v 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented Feb. 19, 1924.

UNITED STATES 1,484,193 PATENT OFFICE.

WALTER C. SCOTT, F PLAINFIELD, NEW JERSEY.

SHOCK ABSORBER.

Application filed January rocating beds for printing machines, or to take upthe recoil of guns. 4 The main object and feature of the invention is to not merely check or retard the shock to be absorbed, but to both cheek- 17, 1918. Serial No. 212,256.

an upper and a lower chamber' as shown,

there being no possible flow of liquid through this piston. This piston formsa lower movable member and has concave upper and lower faces 3" and 3 4 is a stuffing box of suitable construction through which the piston rod 5-passes, said-piston rod being suitably connected to the. axle of the motor vehicle. 6 is a conduit that connects the upper and lower ends of the casing with each other, said conduit constituting a normally openmeans of communication between the two ends of said casing. 7 indicate ports, which, in the present instance, are shown as lon narrow slots formed in the side walls 0% the casing and opening into an intermediate chamber 8 and cushion it. By checking is here meantWith \which conduit 6 is in communication.

retarding the action as by passage of liquid fromv one chamber to another. This, 1t will beunderstood, does not limit the amplitude of movement, but merely slows down the speed thereof. By cushioning? is meant the provision of a spring-either liquid or air-for actually limiting the movement when a resistance equal to the shock has been created.

- Another feature of the invention is the provision of means whereby the devieewill It willbemotedthat port 7 at the upper end of the casing isat a -point well below the extreme upper end thereof so'ithat an aif'chamb'er 9 is formed, and that the port 7 at the lower 'endofgythe casing is well above the bottom thereof. A. body of liquidlO is contained within the casing Qinrounding piston 3 and fills conduit 6 and the ports and passages leading thereto. The upper leveliof the liquid 10 really denotes thebeginning of the so-called air chamber automatically adjust .itself to" wigg ing 9., and it will'be observed that upper conshocks, and that will automatically just Q cave face 3 contains a body of liquid,

- itself to variations in load,sol-that.flas 'thej' whileflowter -eoncave face 3 constitutes an occupied by the parts; an Fig. 2 is a top plan view I mobi vention may be applied thereto. 4

load increases the power of of Fig. 1.

3 is a view of a por tion of an autoshowing how the device of my in 'is a vertical '1 indicates a*casing-of any.suitable construction, whieh gfin the present instance,

is secured 'bymea ns ofcap 2 to. a bracket on the frame' of the vehicle forming an upper movable; memberqg' 3' indicates-fa piston or lunger'jelement normally occupying the, position shown rin Fig. 1 and dividing the casing into two compartments or into air .chamber. -11islfaf-plug by means of thex'e'asing may be opened for the *purposeofintroducing liquid. It will be in the.:liqu id f:and occu ies a position intermediate the two ports 7 -seen that the length of-the piston is such that it is shorter than the length of either ofthe slots or ports 7, the parts being noted 'th'at piston;- 3' is normally immersed It will further be I mounted in-a manner described and in such .way that the'springs usually assocified motor vehicles will tendto move the parts to' the position shown in Fig.1. It

willbe understood that when a shock is .impart'ed, piston 3 will rise, thereby displacing liquid through the upper port 7 and conduit 6 to the lower part of the casing. If the shock, be of relatively small force, the movement of the-piston will,be correspondingly small and the shock will be entirely absorbed by displacement of the liquid in the mannerdescribed; but, if the shock imparted'be relatively great, then it will be understood that as piston 3 rises it will gradually close port 7 thereby making 7 it more difiicult for the liquid to escape bound, this air cushlon' tends to restore pis ton 3 to its mid-position, this action also being facilitated byjthe' usual springs on the motor vehicle. As piston 3 descends on the rebound, it will gradually open port 7 and will make it increasingly more efiecing. it more orless,"if for any reason such adjustment should be desired. This adjust-- tive to displace liquid from the lower part.

of the casing to the upper part thereof and if the rebound should be' so great as-to move the piston below its normal position, it will be understood that the shock would be, absorbed through the increasingly restricted opening7 from the lower to the upper part of the casing, and finally when. lower port 7 is closed tl' a body of aircontained in the concave fa. Q3" of' the piston willcushion and stop do nward movement of said piston. The piston 3 is made of a length slightly less'than that of port 7 to prevent it from coming to restwith 'port 7 closed "and the air in the chamber 9 not compressed in which'case it might remain in this position and fail to return sufliciently to partly uncover port 7. Preferably, there is a valve 12 interposed in conduit 6 by means of which the passage of liquid through con-.

duit 6 may be controlled at will by restrictment does not. in anyway conflict with the power. possessed by the device to automatically increase the shock absorbing power in proportion-to the shock received. A-further advantage is obtained by the use of,ports such as 7 in that if the load on thevehi 1e increases, the weight thereof will naturally move thepiston 3 to some extent thereby partly closing port 7 and in that, manner vary ng of the device automatically in proportion to variations in the load-for it willbe obvious'that the partial closing of port 7 due to an'increase in the load will cause the.

liquid to ass through a restricted opening thereby o ering some resistance to its flow;

In connection with this matter, attention is called to Fig. 3 in which the device isshown applied to an automobile. As' here indicated,-13 is the road wheel, 14;} the transverse bar carrying the axles 15 of the road wheels,-and 16 is the body of the car P y rra b Swing 7 a w forming an air cushion in air chamber by gradually vdisplacing liquid the responsiveness s sa e e fin the cushioning device In the form here distially supported by of my invention.

closed, casing 1 is suitably connected to used alone will break under any load applied to the car. The load on'the vehicle is therefore supported by the cushioning device which adjusts itself in a manner previously described to variations in the load. I

" I claim:

1. A shock absorber comprisingi a casing having a port adjacent to but below its upper end and a port adjacent to butabove its lower end, a connection between said ports extraneous of the interior of the casing, said casing being partially filledv with a body of liqui free to flow through said connection, and a piston, constituting a valve for the ports, immersed in said liquid, said piston having upper and lower concave faces to form a liquid pocket on its upper side and an air pocket. on its lower side, and dividing the casing into an upper and a lower chamber that are in communication with each other through aforesaid connection, said cas ing and plston being. movably related to. each other in response to shocks.

2. A shock absorber comprising: a casing and a piston movably related to each other in response to shocks, said casin containing a body of liquid in which the piston is normally immersed, and valve means associated with said casing and piston for automatically adjusting the shock absorbing qualities pf (tlhe device in response to an increase in 3. A shock absorber comprising: acasing and a piston movably related to each other in response to shocks, said casing containing a body of liquid in which. the plston is normally immersed, and valve means associated with said casing and piston for automatically increasing the resistanceof the body of liquid in proportion to theshock to be ab-' j sorbed.

4. A shockabsorber comprising: a casing and a plston movably related to each other 1n response to shocks, said casing containing 5. A shock absorber comprisin :-a casing having a port adjacent to but be ow its upa body of liquid .in which the plston is nor-' per end and a port adjacent to but above its lower end, a connection" between said ports extraneous-of the interior of the easconnection containing a ieo body of liquid, and a piston, constituting a valvevfor the ports, immersedin the liquid and dividing the casing into an upper and a lower, chamber that are in communication with each other through aforesaid connection, said casing and piston being movably related to each other in response to shocks, and means for automatically increasing the resistance offered to the flow of liquid from one chamber to the other in proportion to the shock to be absorbed.

6. A shockabsorber comprising: a casing having a port adjacent to but below its upper end and a port adjacent to but above its lower end, a connection between said ports extraneous of the interior of the casing, said casing and connection containing a body of liquid, a piston, constituting a valve for the ports, immersed in the liquid and dividing the casing into an upper and a lower chamber that are in communication with each other through aforesaid connection, said casing and piston being movably related to each other in response to shocks, and means for automatically adjusting the shock absorbing qualities of the device in response to an increase in load. j v

Signed at Washington, in the District of Col1mbia,"U. S. A. this 17 day of January, 191 e WALTER C. SCOTT. 

